The Progressive Peoples Party (PPP)has issued a press statement on the suspension of the Chief Justice. Released this evening, the PPP sort validate the action so far. Find the full statement below.

28th April, 2025

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Progressive Peoples Party (PPP) Statement on the Suspension of the Chief Justice
Accra, April 28, 2025 – The Progressive Peoples Party (PPP) has been following with keen interest the recent suspension of the Chief Justice of the Republic of Ghana. We wish to reiterate our firm belief that the suspension, as executed by the President, was lawful and in full compliance with the due process of law as enshrined in our 1992 Constitution.

Due process necessitates adherence to established principles of procedure, respect for the rule of law, and the safeguarding of an individual’s rights. In this instance, it is our understanding that the President acted on the advice of the Council of State in suspending the Chief Justice. This action followed a preliminary determination of a prima facie case against the Chief Justice, made by the President in consultation with the same Council of State.

Furthermore, we acknowledge that the Chief Justice was afforded the opportunity to respond to the specific allegations outlined in the petitions presented. This process, in our view, unequivocally demonstrates the President’s commitment to adhering to laid down procedures, upholding the rule of law, and respecting fundamental human rights.
The Constitution remains the supreme law of our land, applicable to all persons and in all circumstances. Therefore, the PPP maintains its position that no constitutional provisions have been breached by the President in the matter of the current Chief Justice. We call upon all parties to remain calm and allow the constitutional processes to proceed without hindrance.

We find it pertinent to express our concern regarding the stance taken by the Ghana Bar Association (GBA). As an association of learned lawyers, we had hoped the GBA would affirm the adherence to due process in this matter. Instead, their call for a “suspension of the CJ’s suspension” is perplexing and could be interpreted as an attempt to suspend due process itself, potentially setting aside portions of our Constitution.

Such calls from the GBA and other entities are not only a threat to our democratic principles but also suggest a selective and subjective application of the law, contingent on the individuals involved. While we respect the democratic right of individuals and groups to defend the Chief Justice and advocate for her reinstatement, we must also underscore the fundamental principle of accountability within a democracy.

The principle of strict separation of powers, crucial for preventing interference between the arms of government, must not preclude the opportunity for citizens to hold the heads of these institutions accountable. It is in this spirit that the Constitution provides clear avenues for holding not just the Chief Justice, but also the President and the Speaker of Parliament, accountable.

For clarity, our Constitution lays out explicit procedures for the removal of the President, the Speaker of Parliament, the Chief Justice, Ministers of State, Members of Parliament, and other public officeholders. In the specific case of the Chief Justice, Article 146 clearly outlines the procedure to be followed, and it is our assessment that these provisions have been fully respected by the President in the current situation.

The privileges, conditions of service, powers, and the honor bestowed upon the heads of the three arms of state necessitate that they are held to the highest standards of accountability.

We recall the events of 2018 concerning the removal of members of the Electoral Commission, including its Chairperson. The PPP’s position at the time was clear: if these individuals had not engaged in acts of stated misbehavior and incompetence, there would be no basis for their removal. Ultimately, the Committee of Inquiry found procurement violations constituting stated misbehavior, leading to the Chairperson’s removal, a process later validated by the Supreme Court.

Therefore, in our defense of the Chief Justice, we must not lose sight of the essential requirements of accountability, due process, the rule of law, and absolute compliance with constitutional provisions.

Signed,
Nana Ofori Owusu
Chairman
Progressive Peoples Party

Up to 50,458 teachers out of a total of 54,227 teachers who were successful in last year’s aptitude test have been promoted, the Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT) has confirmed.

In addition, GNAT said 1,417 out of 1,579 teachers removed from the payroll have also had their salaries reactivated, with only the remaining 162 yet to be impacted.

“We can confirm that out of the 54,227 teachers who were successful in the 2024 aptitude test for promotion, 50,458 have been placed on their correct grades in April 2025.

The outstanding, together with the backlog of the 2023 batch, to be placed in May 2025,” a letter signed by the General Secretary of GNAT, Thomas Musah, to members of the association said.

It said the development followed a meeting with the Ghana Education Service (GES) on Friday, April 25, 2025.

On lower rank promotions, it said as of last Friday, the GES had informed the unions that all 16 regions had submitted the data, and the placement would be effected in May 2025.

Regarding the upgrading relative to returnees from further studies, the statement indicated that “a significant number of teachers in this category had not been upgraded, since 2023”.

Agreement
The communication said it had been agreed that all such teachers would be upgraded by the end of May 2025.

“The Director-General of Ghana Education Service (GES) has promised to write to the Regional Directors to ensure that the upgrading is done without fail,” it said.

A stakeholders meeting, it said, would be held in May 2025, to fix dates for the next aptitude test for promotion.

It said all the outstanding issues in the Collective Agreement for GES staff would be addressed next month, prominent among them being the salary disparities on the Single Spine Pay Structure.

The teacher union consequently expressed gratitude to President John Mahama for the 20 per cent allowance for teachers in deprived areas.

Gratitude
“The Teacher Unions express our gratitude to His Excellency the President of the Republic for his pronouncement on its payment, following the understanding that work on it is to be done, commencing May 2025,” the statement said.

With regard to the decoupling of Director 2 and Director 1, it said: “We again express our gratitude to His Excellency for the decoupling of Director 2 and subsequently Director 1 from being coterminous with political districts and regions, thus paving the way for the promotion of Deputy Directors to Director 2, and subsequently Director 1.

“It’s welcome news, and we hope to work with the relevant stakeholders to bring it to fruition,” it said.

The statement further commended the President for the supply of sanitary pads to female learners, and expressed the hope that it would attain the envisaged outcomes.

“We wish to assure our members that the unions, together with the relevant parties, are working tirelessly to conclude discussions on all other issues, and we shall not fail you,” the statement said.

GNAT reaction
Mr Musah later told the Daily Graphic that the development was a breakthrough between the government and teachers.

“We would like to express our profound gratitude to the President, at least, for his timely intervention,” he said.

He said since the issues came up, the GES had been very forthcoming, and expressed the hope that by next month, “we will be able to resolve the issue”.

Background
GNAT had given the government up to April 30, 2025, to address all issues affecting teachers.

The issues included the non-implementation of the Scheme of Service for GES staff and the implementation of the Human Resource Management Information System, which GNAT said had caused some challenges to teachers, including delays in their salaries and promotion.

The demands were part of the directives given by the National Labour Commission after meeting three teacher unions and their employers, represented by ministries and the GES, after the unions embarked on strike on March 20 last year.

At the time, the commission communicated that “having heard the disputes and having met the parties jointly and in separate (caucus) sessions, made some findings and thereby gave some directives, among which was that since the GES had no Scheme of Service for the GES Staff, and to ensure that future appointments do not encounter such challenges, the GES must provide its staff with a Scheme of Service”.

UEW Chancellor Neenyi Ghartey VII has urged the government and other stakeholders involved in the Bawku conflict to prioritize their efforts towards achieving long-term peace.

He called upon the government and relevant agencies to intensify efforts, utilizing diplomatic, developmental, and security-based strategies, in order to achieve lasting peace in the area.

The matter at hand is not limited to Bawku. It is a responsibility that falls on the nation as a whole.

Neeyi Ghartey made a fervent plea for us not to view this as a remote conflict but rather as a wound that affects our entire nation and demands our joint efforts for healing.

During the second gathering of UEW’s 29th Congregation this past weekend, Neenyi Ghartey emphasized the need for prompt action to resolve the conflict and bring back harmony to the region while also advancing its growth.

Neeyi Ghartey’s call is prompted by the ongoing turmoil in the area, which has caused significant setbacks for education, health care and other economic factors.

The GNAT and Pre-tertiary Teachers Association of Ghana have both highlighted the impact of the volatile conditions in Bawku on education in the region.

According to GNAT’s General Secretary, Thomas Musah, there are currently 2,070 employees in the enclave.

Due to the current circumstances, a nearby GNAT conference that was scheduled to take place last month had to be suspended.

Additionally, the district conference scheduled for next month has also been postponed.

According to the President of the Pre-tertiary Teachers Association of Ghana, King Awudu Ali, Bawku has been experiencing significant disruptions to academic activities for quite some time now.

According to him, numerous teachers have requested a transfer from Bawku, and there are also no takers for new teaching positions in the area.

He emphasized that the loss of lives and property does not benefit ordinary citizens, particularly those in Bawku.

According to Neenyi Ghartey, or Daniel Kobena Bortse Ghartey, in his personal life, Bawku is renowned for its vibrant culture and resilient people who have always been known for their hardworking nature. However, the ongoing conflict has had negative impacts on the community.

“Families are being torn apart, children cannot go to school, and livelihoods are crumbling under the weight of persistent violence. We cannot educate a nation while part of it burns. We cannot and must not allow this to continue,” he stated.

Neenyi Ghartey urged the residents of Bawku to maintain peace.

“Let peace reign. Let the guns go silent. Let peace be loud in Bawku. Let us silence the guns and raise the voices of reason, unity, and brotherhood. Let us remember that conflict only brings suffering, loss, and destruction, not only to lives and property but to the future dreams of our young ones,” he emphasized.

He specifically urged the young people in Bawku and its surroundings to refrain from being manipulated into causing harm but instead to emerge as advocates for peace and progress. Additionally, he appealed to the older generation and influential members of the community to utilize their influence in promoting unity rather than division.

Although the congregation ceremony was filled with joy, it would be remiss to ignore the pain and uncertainty that currently plague the people of Bawku due to its volatile state.

Neenyi Ghartey, who serves as both the Paramount Chief of the Effutu Traditional Area and an advocate for peace, emphasized that Bawku and Ghana must prioritize peace in order to promote national unity and progress. He urged all members of society, including intellectuals and decision-makers, to actively promote peace throughout the country, emphasizing that peace is not a sign of weakness but rather a display of strength, integrity, and foresight.

According to him, a peaceful Ghana serves as the cornerstone for a thriving Ghana.

The traditional leader emphasized the importance of every Ghanaian child growing up in a peaceful environment, regardless of their location. They expressed hope for peace to be restored in Bawku and for healing to reach every household, ultimately leading to a strong and united Ghana that provides opportunities for all children.

During the commencement ceremony, a total of 6,969 students were awarded degrees and diplomas. This included 2,969 male graduates and 4,000 female graduates.

The group consisted of 503 individuals pursuing postgraduate studies, 38 individuals working towards a doctoral degree, 5,958 individuals with a first degree, and 308 diplomates.

In total, 220 graduates achieved a first-class degree, with 1,427 earning a second-class upper division and 2,188 receiving a second-class lower division. Within this group, 3,620 females obtained their first degree.

Regarding educational progress, Neenyi Ghartey praised President John Mahama for his commitment to fostering inclusive education and his aspiration for lasting and fair education, stating that it aligned with the university’s mission of unlocking the capabilities of each student.

He encouraged the graduating class to strive for excellence and put in diligent effort, emphasizing their potential to make a positive impact in any field they enter. The university has faith in their ability to excel based on the knowledge and skills they have gained.

The Vice-Chancellor of UEW, Professor Stephen Jobson Mitchual, expressed gratitude to the government for its policies promoting access and equity, digital transformation, and capacity-building. He acknowledged that these efforts have been beneficial in equipping institutions like UEW to produce competent graduates.

According to Prof. Mitchual, the university’s investment in digital accessibility and internet connectivity has resulted in improved efficiency for teaching, learning, and examinations.

To defuse growing tensions, Health Minister Kwabena Mintah Akandoh has expressed regret over the events surrounding his unannounced visit to Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH), emphasizing that he never intended to disrespect medical professionals during the encounter.

The visit, which took place on April 22, was reportedly triggered by the death of a patient, Bavug Salim, who allegedly passed away due to the absence of a functional ventilator in the hospital’s emergency unit.

A video of a heated exchange between Akandoh and Dr. Valentine Akwulpwa, the Head of the Accident and Emergency Department, quickly went viral, fueling widespread public debate and criticism.

In response to the incident, the Doctors Association of Tamale Teaching Hospital (DATTH) announced an indefinite suspension of emergency and outpatient services. The group cited “unwarranted attacks” from the Health Minister and other officials, demanding unconditional apologies and immediate provision of essential medical equipment and supplies before any resumption of services.

However, in a press briefing held in Accra on Thursday, April 24, Akandoh recalled a personal experience to underscore his empathy and commitment to the health sector.

“It can happen to anyone. It happened to me. When I had an accident, the first place I was rushed to was Nyinahini District Hospital. I never thought I’d find myself there, but I did,” Akandoh shared, conveying his understanding of the challenges faced by healthcare workers.

Reaffirming his respect for the medical community, Akandoh stated, “And so, today, from where I sit, I will contribute my quota to the development of this sector. I have no intention to disrespect any medical doctor or health worker; that will be the last thing I will do. But let it be said that respect is reciprocal.”

The Minister also expressed his willingness to collaborate, adding, “I am ready to work with everyone in the sector.”

He directly appealed to the medical staff at TTH, saying, “My humble appeal to the medical doctors and health practitioners at Tamale Teaching Hospital is that I am the first person to take care of your interests. Therefore, let us call off the strike and all regroup and strategize the way forward.”

Akandoh noted, “There are things we can address using our internally generated funds, so let’s tackle the issues as they are.”

Despite the Minister’s efforts to clarify his position, the fallout from the incident persists. Akandoh’s decision to dismiss TTH’s Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Adam Atiku, has been widely criticized. The Ghana Medical Association (GMA) has condemned the dismissal, calling it a violation of due process and an abuse of power, and has urged the Minister to offer an apology.

Sheikh Osman Nuhu Sharubutu, the National Chief Imam, has called upon Ghanaians to refrain from politicizing the Bawku conflict and instead join in national efforts to seek a peaceful resolution.

In a statement from his Personal Assistant, Dr. Mohammed Marzuq Abubakari Azindoo, he urged the media to maintain ethical and responsible reporting on the conflict. He emphasized the importance of remaining peace-loving, reconciliatory, and unifying in their coverage. He also cautioned against biased analyses that could further fuel tensions.

The esteemed Mufti has directed Imams nationwide to include segments of their Friday Sermons and offer prayers specifically for peace in Bawku over the coming weeks.

His response follows the recent increase in tension and violence in Bawku.

He urged the promotion of peace and unity in the Bawku Traditional Area, regardless of ethnicity, religion, or political views.

He voiced his apprehension regarding the uptick in violence, particularly regarding the torching of a police station and the murder of peacekeepers in Bawku.

He criticized what he deemed a display of blatant disregard and lawlessness, explicitly referring to the incident where the Inspector General of Police (IGP) was shot at by angry young individuals in Bawku. He emphasized that this act undermines the government’s authority and is unacceptable in civilized democratic societies.

In light of recent developments, the Islamic spiritual leader has urged all parties involved in the conflict to lay down their weapons and work towards restoring peace in the area.

He praised the government for seeking the assistance of Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II to mediate the conflict.

Although the Grand Imam is prepared to engage in behind-the-scenes diplomacy, he is open to utilizing this approach if it helps improve the quality of the mediation process.

According to His Eminence’s wise beliefs, possessing respectable democratic views is commendable. However, he also warned against the unnecessary politicization of sensitive issues related to national security, as it can only fuel violence and benefit those who thrive on it.

A new voice is developing at the centre of Ghana’s changing music industry. It combines lyrical skill, genre-bending inventiveness, and reflection. Born Bormeh Mwinle-Naa Wilbeck, Gingsen is more than just a well-known figure; he represents artistic tenacity and cultural genuineness.

Gingsen’s story is inspirational. He used DJ software to produce music at the age of eleven. He then performed as the main act at his concert, showcasing an unorthodox journey. He is redefining what it means to be a modern Ghanaian hip-hop and afro-pop artist. He has roots in Northern Ghana and has ascended to international prominence.

A Star Born with Sound in His DNA

On April 5, 1999, Gingsen was born into a family in Ghana. In his family, music was more than background noise. It was a way of life. His artistic curiosity was sparked by his mother’s heartfelt singing in a Catholic Church choir. It was also influenced by his older brother’s early love of poetry and rap.

The pivotal moment occurred when a classmate introduced him to Virtual DJ. This introduction led to a lifelong passion for vocal experimentation and beat-making. Unaware that he was planting the roots for a successful music career, Gingsen began recording his songs at eleven.

Gingsen’s Musical Influences

While growing up, he was exposed to various musical styles, including hip-hop, R&B, reggae, and dancehall. The music played constantly in his home by artists like Vybz Kartel, Lil Wayne, and Drake shaped his taste. Damian Marley, Fantan Mojah, and Nas also influenced his storytelling instincts. Ghanaian heavyweights like E.L., R2Bees, and FOKN Bois further solidified his musical direction locally and encouraged him to be relatable and poetic.

Afro-Pop and Hip Hop Collide

Gingsen describes his sound as a combination of Afro-pop and hip-hop, saying he cannot confine himself to one genre. Despite having a rap foundation, his style regularly veers into melodic areas, including dancehall, soul, and experimental influences. He has experience in music production. He takes charge of his sound. He consistently pushes the envelope while staying loyal to himself.

“I make hip hop and afro pop. However, I dabble in other genres. This keeps my sound spontaneous, fresh, and creative,” says Gingsen.

From ‘The Gvng’ to Kingsen Bars – Building a Catalogue

“The Gvng,” his official debut single, was released in 2018. However, Gingsen had honed his art for years. He did this through collaborations, freestyles, and demos.

His discography consists of three highly regarded mixtapes and more than sixteen singles:

Volume 1 of KINGSEN BARS (2020) , Volume 2 of KINGSEN BARS (2022) and KINGSEN BARS VOL.3, released on April 11, 2025. Each of the nine tracks in this third instalment showcases Gingsen’s development as a person and an artist.

On “Kingsen Bars” Volume 3, Gingsen declares, “This project is a milestone. It adds more sonically pleasing and exciting music to my catalogue.”

One Night With Greatness: Gingsen’s first Headliner

Remember to mark your calendars. Gingsen’s first significant performance is titled “One Night with Greatness.” It will be held at the Jocom Golden Hotel Bolgatanga on April 19, 2025. This event is more than just a performance for a poetic storytelling artist; it’s a declaration of purpose and appreciation.

“Getting to interact with people who intimately connect with my music has always been something I’ve dreamt of,” he says.

Gingsen’s Creative Process

According to Gingsen, his creative process combines introspection and intuition. His music frequently takes on a life of its own, whether expressing societal themes, personal feelings, or simply a rhythm.

“We’re just vessels who carry the message,” he states. “Sometimes the music writes itself.”

His songs are unvarnished, honest, and akin to journal entries. They frequently act as emotional pillars for his followers. Some songs discuss the heartache in “Aisha’s Story.” Others convey the optimism in “Smile.”

Influences and Goals – International Motivation with Regional Origins

His influences are diverse, ranging from Damian Marley to FOKN Bois, Wizkid to J. Cole, but they are all united by their genuineness. Gingsen hopes to work with these artists since he thinks artistic expression has no boundaries.

“They have in common their ability to keep their music real, authentic, personal, and still connect with people worldwide.”

Career-Defining Moments

Gingsen has shared the stage with some of Ghana’s best artists. Notable performances by Gingsen include;

• Kuami Eugene’s 2018 Rockstar Concert at Kumasi Sports Stadium.
• BAR Concert by E.L. (2019, 2021, 2024)
• The Revival Concert by Kweku Smoke (2024)
• Isolirium Entertainment’s North2South Concert in Bolgatanga

With every performance, he demonstrated his stage presence and broadened his audience. It is expected to be his most memorable headlining performance to date.

Obstacles and Successes

Like many independent artists, Gingsen’s path hasn’t been without obstacles. He comes from an area frequently ignored by the media. He has struggled to establish his career with minimal funding and little infrastructure. However, his honours reveal something else:

Six victories at the Upper East Music Awards from 2023 to 2024

• Hiphop Song of the Year
• Hiphop Artist of the Year (2x)
• Digital Act of the Year
• Best Music Video
• Best Rap Performance

Legends like E.L. and Jayso have also endorsed him, demonstrating the value of tenacity. He also enjoys a co-signing deal from the two hip hop enigma’s in Ghana.

Sound Development – From Bars to Equilibrium

Every project shows how Gingsen’s sound has changed over time. His recent music strikes a balance between reflection and melody. It incorporates both rapping and singing. In contrast, his earlier work primarily focused on lyrical acrobatics.

“I’m blending my ability to make records—singing and rapping on the same tracks—to connect emotions and styles into wholesome music.”

A Close Relationship with Fans

Gingsen considers his supporters more than just an audience; they are integral to his path. He cherishes face-to-face communication and maintains a strong online presence with sincere direct messages and live Instagram sessions.

Meeting new artists who claim I inspired them to create is one of my most rewarding experiences. That’s what motivates me to continue.

Views on the Music Industry in Ghana

Gingsen is open and honest about the situation of Ghana’s music industry. He highlights the lack of media paywalls. Current royalties’ schemes are inefficient. Infrastructure for artists is inadequate, especially for those from underprivileged areas.

“We need serious investment and reform,” he states. “There is talent. The assistance isn’t.”

After a lifetime filled with development, hardship, and success, Gingsen gives aspiring musicians this advice:

“Have patience. You get ready for more significant positions during your adventure. Get familiar with the basics. Have faith in your intuition. Additionally, avoid trying to be everything at once.

Collaborations

For every artiste, validation is essential. Thus, when fellow musicians find you worthy of a collaboration, it’s a feather in your cup. Gingsen has enjoyed an impressive list of collaborations. These include the following:

Sambani (Outside) by Knight Firdae
Your Body By Sypha Superman
No Easy By Dr Pushkin
Fuseina By Ricch Kid
The Bar Cypher – E.L
Okay By Fad Lan
Furious Ft. Danisadiq
Trap By Savannah Sonics

Outlawz By Billy The Rapper
Free By BlaqVibe Ft. Gingsen
Young Blaq Boi By Emo Brainy
Bondali By BlaqVibe
Good Times By Savannah Sonics
Kwa Kwa Kwa By CarlBlingx
Good Time Remix By BlaqVibe
Body on Me By Swagboi

The Prospects for Gingsen

One thing is certain as Gingsen looks to the future: his star will only grow brighter. His discography is expanding. He has a devoted fan base and a strong sense of purpose. Because of this, he is poised to emerge as one of Ghana’s most prominent voices in contemporary African music. Gingsen is here to stay. It doesn’t matter if you’re finding him through his singles. You will also be attending concerts or following his journey online.

Gingsen is not just another name in Ghanaian music. He represents a new generation of artists who are independent, deeply introspective, and committed to their craft.

The government plans to dispatch 5,000 graduates from diverse agricultural and veterinary schools. They will assist farmers in increasing productivity. They will also help in adopting contemporary farming methods.

Minister for Food and Agriculture Eric Opoku discussed the government’s Feed Ghana program. The program aims to modernise agriculture. It connects research with practical farming.

In an interview with Citi Business News, the Minister announced plans to use extension officers. “We are deploying our extension officers, and as we mentioned last Saturday, we are bringing on board 5,000 graduates from agricultural and veterinary colleges—many of whom have been home since 2015 without employment. We want all of them to be part of the Feed Ghana initiative.”

He clarified that the graduates will be assigned to various farms nationwide to assist farmers in implementing modern, scientifically based agricultural techniques.

“We want to close the gap between agricultural research and the actual practices on farms. These graduates will play a critical role in introducing modern farming techniques to local farmers,” he further emphasised.

Furthermore, the Minister announced that 300 tonnes of rice seeds have been donated to Ghana by the Korean government. These seeds will be distributed among farmers to enhance the country’s domestic rice production.

He said, “We are distributing high-quality rice and maise seeds that have been approved as best suited for our soil. The donation of 300 tonnes of rice seeds comes from KOPIA—a Korean agricultural research agency based in Ghana. Distribution has started in the southern sector, where the farming season is currently underway. We’re also preparing to supply the northern regions when the season begins in May.”

Despite the ongoing power and water disruptions, PURC supports tariff hikes.

During an interview on Joy FM’s Middaynews on Monday, April 14, Dr Obutey addressed the concerns of citizens. They are dealing with blackouts and water shortages. He stressed that utility service providers are following regulatory benchmarks established by the Commission.

According to him, we use specific benchmarks to track utilities. These include system losses, both technical and commercial. We also track the length of outages per consumer. Our most recent evaluations show that these benchmarks are being met, suggesting that the service providers comply.

The public’s frustration is mounting. It is clear that many consumers are outraged. They have to pay increased tariffs without receiving reliable services.

Dr Obutey states that equipment malfunctions are common in utility operations. Disruptions can often be attributed to scheduled or unscheduled maintenance.

“These are machines. They will break down from time to time. Planned maintenance is usually communicated ahead of time—anywhere from two hours to two weeks in advance. But when faults occur unexpectedly, companies may not have time to notify the public,” he remarked.